Dalla traduzione in ambito medico e farmaceutico ai servizi di medical writing, dalla traduzione brevettuale al patent drafting, passando per la scrittura tecnica, l’interpretazione e le motion graphics.

L’offerta si allarga, ma la qualità che ci contraddistingue resta sempre la stessa.

Ma diamo uno sguardo più da vicino!

Servizi di traduzione

La prima sezione del nostro nuovo sito è dedicata ai servizi che offriamo da sempre.

Parliamo di traduzioni altamente specializzate di testi e documenti provenienti da quattro settori differenti:

–medico/farmaceutico

–giuridico/legale

–proprietà intellettuale

–tech-IT

Tutti ambiti nei quali è fortemente richiesta un’alta specializzazione, professionalità e molteplici conoscenze trasversali, che unite all’esperienza dei nostri professionisti ci consentono di incrementare l’offerta rivolta a tutti i nostri clienti.

Servizi di scrittura

I nostri servizi di scrittura riguardano dunque i settori che conosciamo da anni.

Nella seconda sezione della nostra homepage si trovano quindi le pagine dedicate al medical writing, al patent drafting, alla scrittura legale e quella tecnica.

Cliccando sulle singole voci del menu a tendina si avrà accesso immediato a tutte le informazioni utili, incluse le possibili soluzioni personalizzate, le nostre modalità di lavoro e i case studies del settore di interesse.

Creative lab

In ASTW, ai servizi prettamente tecnici si affiancano quelli di natura più creativa.

La sezione creative lab è infatti dedicata al video making, alle motion graphics e alle illustrazioni. È inoltre possibile approfondire la branca dedicata al disegno tecnico selezionando la voce technical drawning.

Altri servizi

Infine, ma certo non in ordine di importanza, troviamo la sezione che racchiude altri tre servizi targati ASTW. Parliamo di interpretazione, sottotitolazione e voice over.

I nostri esperti sapranno aiutarvi con percorsi su misura, ottimizzando gli step necessari al raggiungimento degli obiettivi, personalizzando procedure e modalità di lavoro.

Una sola realtà, molteplici soluzioni. Scopri di più!

L'articolo Dall’esperienza alla diversificazione: i servizi di ASTW proviene da ASTW.

This column was created with the aim of describing my typical work day, discussing one of the different tasks that compose it in each article. I thought less of my colleagues and other experts in the field, and more of those who are new to the world of translation. My hope, although not trivial, is to have given a simple, tangible perspective of what it means to be translators in everyday life.

One thing that I’m instead sure of is that personally interrogating my daily habits on a monthly basis in order to recount my work days has helped me see certain aspects of my profession more clearly, and above all my personality in relation to it.

An example? I had considered writing my real passion, but in the end I found myself flip-flopping back and forth between writing and translation without knowing which was on top! Perhaps because translation is a form of creativity with limits and rules to be respected, which makes it more stimulating in a certain sense, but at the same time safer than putting yourself out there, pen to paper. On the other hand, despite the fact that writing is always a leap into the void, I like the possibility of sharing information and points of view starting from my personal experience, even though I feel I have much more room to grow in this sense. As for revisions… it may be foolish, but I haven’t changed my mind about them.

To adopt a metaphor which fits well as we approach Christmas, the greatest gift I’ve taken from this column was discovering that the creative process, just like the translation process, is not solitary, as I have often experienced and imagined, but that it feeds on connections and discussion with others.

When it comes to translations, I like to collaborate with our social media manager Cristiana, who in addition to dealing with social media, newsletters, graphics and a thousand other things, helps me choose the content to have translated into English. And also with Sarah, who translated the articles of our blog, including mine, and who used her skills to transform the awkwardness of rereading my work into the pleasure of rediscovering myself in another language. And last but not least with Stefano, who volunteered to write along with me and filled our news section with his ideas and enthusiasm.

If I’m being ruthlessly honest, I doubt my articles have reached large numbers of clicks or dramatically increased conversion rates. No matter: I would be delighted to learn that someone reading my column thought, so that’s what translators actually do in their day-to-day work!“, but even more importantly, I am also infinitely grateful to Domenico for all the things I learned by diversifying my work, as he gave me the space and confidence to do it.

The Attraverso column ends here, a bit like a translation that I could still perfect and go over again and again even though it’s already correct, and should be delivered now. If you would like to read more of my work, you can find me here among these pages next year, have no fear! In the meantime, my wishes for the holidays is that you will be as lucky as I have been and find unexpected gifts where you were looking for others.

_{Cover image: me}, _{drawn by Claudia Plescia.}

English translation and adaptation by Sarah Schneider

L'articolo ATTRAVERSO – COLUMN BY LETIZIA MERELLO (18) proviene da ASTW.

This is not a futile question; indeed, several studies have focused on exactly this subject, halfway between linguistics and neuroscience. In fact, academic interest in these topics can offer very important insights into what skills, “tricks” and abilities a post-editor should have in order to be productive. While it is entirely reasonable to predict that the vast majority of workflows will pass through machine translation in the near future, it follows that the ability to make post-editing profitable is a crucial aspect for all linguists. In fact, considering the generally lower rates paid for post-editing, the time variable is the most important one to act on in order to produce more, in terms of turnover, in the same unit of time. So what suggestions can scientific research already offer to those who want to become a good (and fast) post-editor?

Scientific research and post-editors

Several methods have been developed in the scientific literature to evaluate the post-editing effort of a text. Some of them essentially consist of metrics that measure the number of changes made and are normalized for the total number of words. If these metrics generally correlate well with the quality of the machine translation output used, it has been highlighted that in some cases the post-editor’s cognitive effort does not correlate well with the number of changes made; there can be small changes which, however, consume substantial time (and therefore impose a greater cognitive effort from the translator), and vice versa. Clarifying the needs and cognitive effort required of post-editors and identifying the strategies that the best and fastest post-editors put in place to complete their work could give more scientifically and pragmatically based suggestions.

Some studies show that faster post-editors make better use of machine output by copying and pasting more often; rather than erasing and rewriting text from scratch). A good post-editor should therefore be able to understand how the machine works, that is, they should be able to rather reliably predict the output quality and the most frequent errors. In addition, the ability to more quickly address the errors that require a greater cognitive effort from the post-editor (and require more time) is crucial. The literature shows that the machine translation errors that require the most cognitive effort are idiomatic expressions, punctuation, errors in word order, incorrectly translated words and missing words. 

Instead of paying equal attention to all possible problems, post-editors should instead focus on these types of errors and hone their cognitive abilities to promptly identify and resolve them.

Domenico Lombardini

Bibliographic references

Cognitive Demand and Cognitive Effort in Post-Editing

Post-editing Time as a Measure of Cognitive Effort

Pauses as Indicators of Cognitive Effort in Post-Editing Machine Translation Output

English translation and adaptation by Sarah Schneider

L'articolo The skills of post-editors: suggestions from scientific research proviene da ASTW.

The largest newspapers in the world speak of what is, in all likelihood, the most debated incident in the world of translation. From the Spanish newspaper El País to the French Le Figaro, from the Italian La Stampa to Corriere; the Amanda Gorman case was highly discussed, bringing with it controversies and struggles that go beyond the mere translation.

AMANDA GORMAN, “THE HILL WE CLIMB”

As the winner of the most prestigious prize for emerging poets in 2017, the National Youth Poet Laureate, Amanda Gorman became a well-known name to the general public thanks to her presence at the inauguration ceremony of the 46th President of the United States on 20th January. The young African-American poet recited her poem “The hill we climb” at the inauguration. Poem which is a hymn for equality and unity, and not just national.

THE EDITORIAL CASE

After the American poet’s great success, many publishing houses wanted to propose the translated version of Gorman’s collection of poems.

In the Netherlands, the publishing house Meulenhoff chose to assign the translation to the young linguist and poet Marieke Lucas Rijneveldt, who decided not to proceed following various controversies. These controversies did not concern the skills or training of Marieke, who won the International Booker Prize in 2020, but her skin colour, which was considered inappropriate. Many felt that a white translator could not fully convey the messages of the African American poet, and that the opportunity to give voice to the many Dutch black translators had been overlooked.

In Spain, the publisher Univers had chosen Victor Obiols, a Catalan translator who has translated Shakespeare and Oscar Wilde, among other things. After completing the translation, however, he was informed of the publishing house’s decision not to publish his work. Again, the dismissal was not based on a lack of professionalism but on an alleged incompatibility as a middle-aged white man. “They did not question my abilities, and even though I had been given the assignment early on, they replied that they were looking for a different profile. That is, a woman, young, activist and preferably black”, as Obiols himself pointed out.

A TRANSLATOR’S OPINION (MINE)

Personally, I have always agreed with my university professors who taught me that a translator’s work is at its very best when the reader fails to notice their presence.

The translator’s job is to work in that space where the language used by an author to convey their ideas is incomprehensible to certain readers.

The linguist’s task is to transpose, and in some cases rewrite, the original text, the aim is to allow the reader to understand the message. With all the nuances that the original author expressed in their native language.

This premise clearly explains my thoughts on the matter at hand. I don’t believe that the main criterion in choosing a translator concerns their background, although this may be an important factor. I believe that any professional should be judged on the basis of their training, professionalism and skills. Otherwise, no one could have translated Homer, nor the Bible. Otherwise, no woman could translate Bukowski and no man could translate the works by J.K. Rowling.

Although I fully support the fight against inequality, I believe that the best way to combat it is not by creating new inequalities. To quote the same Obiols, “I realise that there is a centuries-old wrongdoing that has been perpetrated. But deep down I, in my own small world, am suffering what black people have suffered for centuries: discrimination on the basis of race, gender and age”.

Translators translate an author’s work, they do not live the author’s life.

Stefano Gaffuri

English translation and adaptation by Sarah Schneider

L'articolo THE AMANDA GORMAN CASE AND THE TRANSLATOR’S POSITION proviene da ASTW.

EGIDIO BRUGOLA AND HIS WORKSHOPS

OEB (Officine Egidio Brugola) was founded in 1926 in Lissone (Monza e Brianza), thanks to the technical experience of its founder Egidio Brugola, as a factory of washers and special rings for engines and the like. Towards the end of the 1920s, Egidio Brugola had the intuition to expand and diversify production to the screws sector, almost immediately beginning to manufacture hexagon socket screws, a type of screw that had already existed in the United States at the beginning of the century, but was little used in Italy.

Brugola thus began to produce this particular screw, believing in its product so much as to encourage the drafting of a specific and official standardisation regulation for the hexagon socket screw, which led him to file his patent in 1945. His goal was to create a screw that would allow to fix mechanical parts in a simple way while applying less tightening force, especially when there was little space available. In 1927, its series production began and from the outset there was a progressive identification of the product with the name of the manufacturer; so much so that in Italy it is universally known as a “Brugola screw”.

Egidio Brugola was obsessed with mechanics and especially welcomed technological challenges, accumulating a large number of records. The first IBM typewriters were assembled with special types of screws produced by the OEB.

THE IMPORTANCE OF IDEAS

Today Brugola OEB Industriale S.p.A. continues as a family-run business. It is a world leader in “critical” screws, with a Zero Defect guarantee, over 150 million euros in turnover and 550 employees. It also collaborates with the best car manufacturers, including Aston Martin, Bentley, Bugatti, Lamborghini and BMW.

Are you wondering if this article is in any way sponsored or seeks to specifically please someone? I can assure you it isn’t. In a constantly evolving world where we tend to think that innovations are now a foreign monopoly all too often, I think remembering Italy’s patent history is fundamental. Although the hex key may seem to be such a small thing, it was a revolutionary innovation for Italian industry, and not only in terms of mechanics.

Stefano Gaffuri

English translation and adaptation by Sarah Schneider

L'articolo EGIDIO BRUGOLA AND HIS SCREWS, AN ITALIAN PATENT proviene da ASTW.

The first topic I’d like to mention is the very often random and erratic way in which a company is created, such as Translated, which greatly anticipated the times (the online sale of language services that is almost completely automated) and did not have any customers, at least when the company was established.

It’s quite interesting to learn that a parallel project, a sort of social network that had to be used to convert the public to the purchase of translation services with the insertion of advertising banners, was one of its first sources of income to draw on to develop the Translated project, as soon as the market conditions had matured. Marco very sincerely acknowledges that he had no idea what he was doing, in the sense that where there should have been a strategy and a studied business plan, there was instead a good deal of improvisation. But also luck and, last but not least, intuition. Only later, once Translated was well-established, did its CEO learn of the existence of venture capital and the capital market, which are the only effective ways to grow a company while seeking to achieve increased competitiveness.

Another very interesting subject in the interview, but on a different level, was related to translators’ work. In short, Marco Trombetti says that many translators who have embraced new technologies, especially machine translation, but were also very good at basic skills have seen their turnover increase dramatically. Instead others who were already “fundamentally” disadvantaged (not everyone can be outstanding) and rejected the new paradigm of work (the translator is no longer, or at least is not only, a linguist but must also be a person with cross-cutting skills, from those of a terminology expert to those of a computational linguist, at least at the basic level) have fallen behind.

I would thus like to suggest to translators, especially those just starting out, to not hesitate to try their hand at post-editing, because sooner or later perhaps almost the entire pipeline of the translation industry will pass through the “jaws” of machine translation. Some will immediately refute my suggestion, saying post-editing pays “starvation” rates. I’d like to be very frank and specific in this regard. Nowadays most machine translation engines are able to offer an output quality that legitimises rates of around three cents per word. Translating 1,000 words or more per hour is entirely reasonable and feasible with these means, leading to earning an average 30 euros per hour, which is a more than dignified rate for a professional translator.

If a moral can validly be drawn from these ideas, we can say that in order to grow, it is necessary (but not easy) to anticipate and be open to novelty, but above all be ready to go with the changes rather than suffer them. I find it worrying that translators are still afraid of novelty in general (neophobia), and in particular relating to translation technology. Our work conditions are imposed by the technological context: adapting to this, and indeed making the most of it, is perhaps the most important skill for anyone who wants to be a professional translator today.

Written by the ASTW Editorial Board 

English translation and adaptation by Sarah Schneider

L'articolo Translation: the future of the translator’s profession proviene da ASTW.

“Poiché ben scritte, geograficamente diverse, contengono varie tipologie di frasi e si riferiscono ai soggetti in terza persona (utilizzando numerosi pronomi), le biografie di Wikipedia offrono un alto potenziale di errori di traduzione associati al genere. Questi si verificano spesso quando gli articoli si riferiscono esplicitamente a una persona nelle prime frasi di un paragrafo, ma non vi è alcuna menzione esplicita della persona nelle frasi successive”, si legge in un post dei ricercatori.

Il pregiudizio di genere nella traduzione automatica

L’idea è quella di utilizzare il dataset di biografie di Wikipedia tradotte per valutare il pregiudizio di genere nell’output della traduzione automatica. I ricercatori hanno individuato tre tipologie di errore: pro-drop, possessivi e accordo di genere.

Il pro-drop (o pronoun dropping) è frequente in quelle lingue in cui, come suggerisce il nome, i pronomi possono essere omessi poiché dedotti dal contesto.

I possessivi, ad esempio inglesi, includono pronomi che determinano il genere, come “his” e “her”, ma lo escludono in altri, come “mine” e “yours”. In italiano, però, i possessivi concordano con i nomi (mio, mia), in inglese “my” si applicherebbe a entrambi perdendo questa distinzione.

L’accordo di genere ha a che fare con il modificatore che concorda con il genere di un soggetto. In spagnolo, ad esempio, “la médica” sarebbe usato per una dottoressa e “el médico” per un dottore, in inglese il genere si perderebbe nuovamente.

Secondo il team di ricerca Google, sono state estratte “biografie da Wikipedia in base a occupazione, professione, lavoro e/o attività” per costruire un insieme che rappresenti allo stesso modo generi e aree geografiche differenti.

Google afferma che nonostante il dataset appena rilasciato consenta un nuovo modo di analizzare il pregiudizio di genere nella MT, “non copre l’intero problema”.

Piuttosto che essere prescrittivo nell’approccio ottimale alla correzione dei pregiudizi di genere, il team di Google ha affermato di mirare semplicemente a “promuovere i progressi su questa sfida in tutta la comunità di ricerca globale”.

Localizzazione a cura di Stefano Gaffuri.

Originale qui.

L'articolo Il pregiudizio di genere e Google Translate: il dataset di Wikipedia proviene da ASTW.

I più grandi errori di traduzione della storia

La croce o il palo di Gesù?

Partiamo da una delle fondamenta della Chiesa Cattolica: “Gesù Cristo patì sotto Ponzio Pilato, fu crocifisso, morì e fu sepolto”. Il crocifisso è da sempre il simbolo più ricorrente di questa religione, ma secondo diversi studiosi e confessioni religiose, il simbolismo cattolico deriverebbe da un errore di traduzione.

La parola latina “crux”, tradotta in italiano con “croce”, è a sua volta la traduzione della parola greca “stauros“. Quest’ultima, però, indicherebbe un palo utilizzato per giustiziare il malcapitato di turno nei secoli passati. Un palo quindi e non una croce, ma direi che ormai siamo andati troppo oltre per correggere la svista.

Il popolo ebraico ha attraversato il Mar Rosso?

Passiamo da una religione all’altra. Il libro dell’Esodo narra di come il popolo eletto attraversò le acque apertesi al suo passaggio, per poi richiudersi sugli inseguitori egiziani. In realtà, secondo il teologo Pinchas Lapide, si tratterebbe di uno degli errori di traduzione più tramandato nel corso dei secoli.

Il termine ebraico “Yam-Suf” indicherebbe in realtà un “Mare dei Giunchi “, tradotto da John Wycliffe (traduttore della Bibbia in lingua inglese) come “Reed Sea”, traduzione corretta per il termine ebraico. Con ogni probabilità Martin Lutero, nel corso della traduzione dall’inglese al tedesco, confuse il termine “Reed” con “Red”. Queste acque divennero quindi “Mar Rosso”.

Sono diverse le teorie sviluppate al fine di indentificare geograficamente questo avvenimento. La più quotata parla di una zona paludosa a sud dei laghi amari (vicino al canale di Suez), nella quale i carri guidati dal popolo egiziano rimasero impantanati e non travolti dalle acque.

L’abbazia di Montecassino

Ma adesso basta con le religioni. L’ultimo aneddoto di questo nostro elenco risale alla Seconda guerra mondiale e ha avuto luogo in Italia, a Cassino.

L’abbazia fu bombardata dall’esercito USA per errore. Gli alleati, intercettando il messaggio tedesco: «Ist Abt noch im Kloester?» (L’abate è nel monastero?”) e la risposta «ya, in Kloster mit Monchen» (“Sì, nel monastero con i monaci”) intesero la parola “Abt” non come “abate” bensì come abbreviazione per ” abteilung” ovvero “battaglione”. Che dire, un vero disastro.

Gli errori di traduzione sono più comuni di quanto non si pensi, ed è proprio per questo che la figura del revisore risulta, se non essenziale, quantomeno molto utile al fine di evitare strafalcioni e bombardamenti.

Stefano Gaffuri

L'articolo Errori di traduzione: i casi più eclatanti della storia proviene da ASTW.

So what you’ll find below is nothing more than a transcription of the first part of the conversation between myself, a beginner and quasi-newbie to the field, and Letizia, a true expert with years of experience and hundreds, if not thousands of translated patents behind her.

Two points of view, a single reality.

The Pros and Cons of Patent Translation

S: The first advantage is certainly the material you translate, as it’s all innovative and there’s a great variety of subjects. In the sense that, always working with patents, where innovation is an inherent aspect, there’s no risk of working on topics that have already been dealt with, hashed and rehashed, since usually a patent is synonymous with innovation, except in the case of updates…

L: It depends, it depends. Sometimes the updates are really minimal, or even just a change in nomenclature…

S: Okay, you’re right. But come on, let’s just say that because they’re patents, they have to do with various technological innovations, and beyond. And what’s more, the fields of application of patents are as varied as you could imagine. You wind up specialising in certain topics even if you also pass from one sector to another: from chemistry to mechanics, to telecommunications…

L: That’s true, if you’re properly supported, for example by a translation engine that’s been trained in a certain way and by TMs and glossaries that have been built over time. These things let you address multiple topics. The stronger the language resources you use…

*we burst out laughing* L: I know, I’m talking as if we were in front of others.

*more laughing* S: Don’t worry. I’ll only transcribe the parts where we’re serious. //I was obviously lying

S: So to sum up: as a first advantage we agree on the novelty of the topics addressed… It’s also interesting, at least for me, to learn about the various functions of machinery or other things… Many times this research is important in order to be able to translate correctly.

L: That’s right!

S: Like in your last article, you mentioned the terminological research necessary to correctly translate the names of various types of berries…

L: And I found that great website!

S: Then, again thanks to TMs and a trained MT engine, you can translate a lot of words per hour, improving your productivity more and more compared to other texts of a different nature. This can be another advantage.

L: Yes, although there is always an element of novelty in every patent, as we mentioned before and as it should be in a patent. Indeed, productivity increases thanks to the very structure of the patent text, with numerous repeated parts, intra- and inter-textually, with recurring expressions and portions of text. Especially as far as the bureaucratic/legal part of the patent is concerned. All this without considering divisional patent applications…

S: This is also why CAT tools are indispensable in patent translation; it would be quite silly not to use them… Which leads me to a drawback, precisely the lack of creativity. There is little room for the translator to add their touch; given the importance of the translation being absolutely faithful to the source text, considering its legal as well as administrative value…

A perfect example is the mandate for consistency: you absolutely cannot use synonyms. If you translate a certain term in a given way, you must use that exact translation all the way through… While in other texts the use of synonyms is strongly recommended.

L: This is the con of translating patents that I was going to mention, too. I think it may even be frustrating for a linguist, in a sense, to work on patent text… especially if it contains errors that must necessarily be translated as they are and at most pointed out to the customer. As the text has legal validity, you’re not allowed to correct an error unless it is blatantly obvious, and even then you have to decide on correcting it along with the customer. So, a linguist who translates other types of texts, for example marketing, or general documents like emails or letters, who is used to seeing a mistake, correcting it and politely pointing it out to the customer, in this case he has to say… swallow the bitter pill *laughing perhaps to hide something* and not say anything.

This is one of the drawbacks of patent translation. Another drawback that comes to mind is that, despite what we said earlier about terminological resources, advantages, etc., you can still come across a particularly specific field in which you haven’t yet had the chance to develop glossaries or do research. For example, I’m working on a *top secret case for one of our clients* that has specific terminology that’s also a bit strange. So when you’re working on these texts you find yourself looking up a term every sentence and, at least at the beginning, you spend a lot of time on terminology research. That’s the dark side of innovation.

S: Yes, of course *it’s an obvious answer but in fact it’s entirely right*, but this can also be seen as a positive aspect. It could happen – I haven’t come across this yet – but I know that many have had to almost create a neologism. That is, when there’s still not an established translation for a word in the target language, you have the possibility to coin a new term //then there’s also the chance that nobody considers it and will ever use it again.

If you think about it, very few other translators have this possibility.

L: You’re right, a bit like Adam in the garden of Eden!! //sincere laughter from the two dreamers

Letizia Merello, Stefano Gaffuri

English translation and adaptation by Sarah Schneider

L'articolo The Pros and Cons of Patent Translation. A discussion between Letizia and Stefano proviene da ASTW.

“E’ fondamentale per le comunità indigene che Woolaroo permetta loro di poter aggiungere, modificare ed eliminare le voci. In questo modo le persone possono interagire immediatamente con le parole e con le frasi appena ricordate e aggiungerle direttamente”. Si legge in un post sul blog scritto da Rory O’Connor, amministratore delegato del Museo Yugambeh, che ha contribuito a fornire dati sulla lingua australiana Yugambeh per Woolaroo.

Woolaroo. Ortografia e pronuncia

I parlanti di ogni lingua possono anche aggiungere registrazioni audio di singole parole, mentre espandono l’elenco dei termini per la propria lingua. Queste possono essere utilizzate per aiutare gli studenti a migliorare la propria pronuncia.

Woolaroo deve il suo nome a una parola Yugambeh che significa “ombra”, scelta come la più vicina al termine “foto”. Gli utenti possono scansionare il proprio ambiente utilizzando la fotocamera del telefono per mettere a fuoco oggetti specifici circostanti. L’app identificherà gli elementi di questo ambiente fornendo agli utenti una traduzione della parola nella lingua di destinazione. Ad esempio, se un utente inquadra l’immagine di un albero, l’app mostrerà il termine Yugambeh “tullei”, che significa proprio “albero”.

Attualmente, l’app offre agli utenti l’opportunità di imparare parole in Yugambeh, greco calabrese, creolo della Louisiana, yiddish, Māori, Nawat, siciliano, Rapa Nui, Tamazight (noto anche come berbero) e Yang Zhuang. La maggior parte di queste lingue, se non tutte, sono utilizzate da popolazioni di parlanti in declino e hanno una complessa relazione storica con le lingue predominanti nelle rispettive aree geografiche: lo Yugambeh, ad esempio, aveva un solo parlante nativo registrato a partire dal 2005, e negli ultimi anni è stato al centro dell’attenzione di numerose iniziative di rilancio. Diversamente, il greco calabrese, un dialetto greco di provenienza contestata parlato in alcuni villaggi dell’Italia meridionale, è leggermente più robusto, potendo contare su circa 2000 parlanti. Tuttavia, si trova anch’esso in pericolo poiché quasi tutti i parlanti calabresi più giovani hanno abbandonato la lingua in favore dell’italiano.

Sebbene l’app sia ottimizzata per l’utilizzo su dispositivi mobili, è accessibile anche da computer.

Localizzazione a cura di Stefano Gaffuri.

Originale qui.

L'articolo Google lancia Woolaroo, l’app per la salvaguardia delle lingue proviene da ASTW.